Katie Packer

· The elderly and those living in poorer countries are most vulnerable to be affected by climate change.

· Vector-borne diseases are the greatest concern for the IPCC in regard to diseases related to climate change

· Malaria and Dengue fever are vector-borne diseases (diseases caused by insects) that affect many people

· There are physical and psychological direct effects on human health caused by global climate change

Chantalle Carles

• Know the background information on Latin America and how this region plays a role in the world, i.e. the world economy
• Know the weather and climate stresses on the region and some examples of extreme events that have occurred in the past in Latin America
• Know the non-climatic stresses on the region and examples of each and how they makes climate change problems worse
• Know some of the suggested adaptations the IPCC recommends policy makers do to help prepare for the effects of climate change

Eric Monaco

· snow has a high albedo.

· ice shelves do not contribute to sea level rise.

· melting from above weakens ice shelf, ice shelf breaks up, allowing tributary glaciers to hasten their flow into the ocean by

· 2-8 times, contributing to sea level.

· snow reflects radiation and insulates ice underneath it.

· without snow, darker ice absorbs much more radiation, which leads to increased surface melting.

Jonathan Porat

• Know when the IPCC predicts we will exceed our adaptive capacity . Know how the IPCC views our ability to adapt as a people .
• Know the results and impact of when people felt it was important to act of Sterman and Sweeney's study on how MIT students viewed global warming
• Know the criteria that the IPCC uses to establish "key vulnerabilities"

Shira Glabman

• Know the components of an effective policy
• Know what the Kyoto Protocol accomplished.
• 7 types of national policy.
• Know what the International Partnership for a Hydrogen Economy is.

John Partridge

• Possible benefits of global warming, with relation to polar regions
• 2100 estimate of tundra replacement (10%)
• Effects of melting of permafrost
• Effect on snow/ice melt on albedo

Leah Dietterie

• What are the major source of greenhouse gas emissions due to post-consumer waste?
• What benefits result from improved waste management?
• What is the role of consumers in waste management efforts?
• What is the global state of sanitation?

Sonnet Robinson

• Developing countries emissions will increase the most.
• 95% of current transportation relies on oil.
• Taxes, efficiencies, fuel economy will reduce global carbon
• emissions the most.
• Global carbon emissions will increase 80% by 2030.

Karuna Tsang

1. Observations of SST trends in Asia:

- the surface air temperature in Asia has been increasing

- In recent decades, the temperature increased ranged between less than 1°C to 3°C per century

- Increase in surface temperature is most pronounced in North Asia

2. Observed climate trends, variability and extreme events in Asia include:
i. Increasing surface air temperature

ii. Significantly longer heat-wave duration

iii. More frequent intense rainfall events

iv. Increasing droughts

3. Know how does global warming affects the coastal zones in Asia.

4. What are some constraints to strengthen adaptations to climate change in Asia?

Hanna Moerland

• -Current vulnerabilities of Food, Fibre, and Forest resources mainly stem from natural resource degradation, including the following: Soil erosion, Salinisation of irrigated areas, Overgrazing, Over-extraction from groundwater. Loss of biodiversity and erosion of genetic resource base, Overexploitation of fish stocks, Water pollution and changes in water resources
• Increased temperatures lead to less water, which leads to higher risk for fires. Fire can dry out forested areas and destroy large swaths of forest or crop land. Fire is also a natural and necessary part of many ecosystems. Fires also kills pests and diseases.
• Increases in frequency of climate extremes may lower crop yields more than increases in mean climate
• Models show CO2 increases lead to elevated growth rates and biomass in young and fast growing plants. However, increases in CO2 also lead to temperature and precipitation changes which will modify this effect. Increases in CO2 also mean increases in ozone, which negatively effect plant growth rates and biomass.

Tracy Dion

• estimates predict that more that 1 million people will be directly affected by 2050 in three megadeltas: the Ganges-Brahmaputra in Bangladesh, the Mekong delta in Vietnam, and the Nile delta in Egypt. More than 50,000 people are likely to be directly impacted in each of a further 9 deltas, and more than 5,000 in each of a further 12 deltas.

• observed affects of climate change: rise in pH by 0.1 unit since 1750, tropical cyclone increased intesity, sea level rise at ~1.7mm/yr through 20th century, mean sea surface temp rise ~0.6 degrees C since 1950, coastal erosion (though unclear), greater potential for wave generation, coral bleaching

• Coral bleaching is due to loss of symbiotic algae and/or their pigments. slight paling occurs naturally in response to seasonal changes in SST(sea surface temp) and solar radiation. corals bleach white in response to unusually high SST (~1 degree C). if bleaching is prolonged, or if SST exceeds 2 degrees C above average seasonal maxima, corals die.

• climate drivers: CO2 concentration, sea surface temp, sea level, storm intensity, storm frequency, storm track, wave climate, run-off

Leah Greenblum

• The term 'sustainable development' is criticized
• There is a difference in the mitigative capacities of developed vs. developing economies
• Government planning should integrate climate change issues from the beginning
• Businesses are becoming more sustainable for a variety of reasons

Dan Hemme

--Study the effects of climate change on Africa's agriculture.

--How temperature increase will affect crop production such as wheat, and the effect it has on GDP.

--Agriculture accounts for 21% of Africa's economy.

--North Africa will see 2-7% decreases in output by 2100, 2-4% in West/Central Africa.

--Increase in arid-semi arid lands of 5-8% will eliminate wheat production altogether.

--Revenues will fall 90% by 2100, mainly affects small farmers.

--2.5 C warming could increase small livestock income by 26%, 5 C change could increase income by 58%.

--Study the effects of climate change on Water Stress in Africa.

--How many people will be affected at given times?

--Approximately 1/3 of Africans live in drought conditions.

--Approximately 35 million are using poor sources of water.

--350-600 million will be under water stress by 2050.

--Study the effects of climate change on the spread of diseases such as malaria and trachoma in Africa.

--High water interdependency means that water-borne diseases are rapidly spread over wide areas.

--Increases in temperature and precipitation increase areas suitable for water-borne disease transmission.

--Areas such as the highlands of Rwanda and Burundi will become suitable for transmission.

--Study the effects of climate change on Mt. Kiliminjaro since the Industrial Revolution.

--How temperature increase has sped up glacial retreat.

--80% of the glaciers have disappeared.

--By 2020, the glaciers will have disappeared entirely.

Mike Fetto

· .  Describe the AMO

· Review the necessary conditions for hurricane development

· How does global warming affect the strength and frequency of hurricanes

· El Niño

Ashley Gallagher

o How can extreme weather events affect various aspects of industry, such as transport, energy, retail & commerical services, etc.?

o How are services such as tourism and insurance vulnerable to climate change? What strategies can be used to adapt to these vulnerabilities?

o How, if at all, do environmental changes such as sea level rise, air pollution, extreme weather, and related problems affect human settlements?

o How are utilities and infrastructures vulnerable to climate change, and how can people be affected by improvements made or damages cause to these areas?